前言

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一个简单的Python资讯采集案例，列表页到详情页，到数据保存，保存为txt文档，网站网页结构算是比较规整，简单清晰明了，资讯新闻内容的采集和保存！

应用到的库

requests，time，re，UserAgent，etree

import requests,time,re
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
from lxml import etree

列表页面

列表页，链接xpath解析

href_list=req.xpath('//ul[@class="news-list"]/li/a/@href')

详情页

内容xpath解析

h2=req.xpath('//div[@class="title-box"]/h2/text()')[0]
author=req.xpath('//div[@class="title-box"]/span[@class="news-from"]/text()')[0]
details=req.xpath('//div[@class="content-l detail"]/p/text()')

内容格式化处理

detail='\n'.join(details)

标题格式化处理，替换非法字符

pattern = r"[\/\\\:\*\?\"\<\>\|]"
new_title = re.sub(pattern, "_", title) # 替换为下划线

保存数据，保存为txt文本

def save(self,h2, author, detail):
 with open(f'{h2}.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
 f.write('%s%s%s%s%s'%(h2,'\n',detail,'\n',author))


 print(f"保存{h2}.txt文本成功！")

遍历数据采集，yield处理

def get_tasks(self):
 data_list = self.parse_home_list(self.url)
 for item in data_list:
 yield item

程序运行效果

程序采集效果

附源码参考：

#研招网考研资讯采集
#20200710 by微信：huguo00289
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import requests,time,re
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
from lxml import etree

class RandomHeaders(object):
 ua=UserAgent()
 @property
 def random_headers(self):
 return {
 'User-Agent': self.ua.random,
 }

class Spider(RandomHeaders):
 def __init__(self,url):
 self.url=url


 def parse_home_list(self,url):
 response=requests.get(url,headers=self.random_headers).content.decode('utf-8')
 req=etree.HTML(response)
 href_list=req.xpath('//ul[@class="news-list"]/li/a/@href')
 print(href_list)
 for href in href_list:
 item = self.parse_detail(f'https://yz.chsi.com.cn{href}')
 yield item


 def parse_detail(self,url):
 print(f">>正在爬取{url}")
 try:
 response = requests.get(url, headers=self.random_headers).content.decode('utf-8')
 time.sleep(2)
 except Exception as e:
 print(e.args)
 self.parse_detail(url)
 else:
 req = etree.HTML(response)
 try:
 h2=req.xpath('//div[@class="title-box"]/h2/text()')[0]
 h2=self.validate_title(h2)
 author=req.xpath('//div[@class="title-box"]/span[@class="news-from"]/text()')[0]
 details=req.xpath('//div[@class="content-l detail"]/p/text()')
 detail='\n'.join(details)
 print(h2, author, detail)
 self.save(h2, author, detail)
 return h2, author, detail
 except IndexError:
 print(">>>采集出错需延时，5s后重试..")
 time.sleep(5)
 self.parse_detail(url)


 @staticmethod
 def validate_title(title):
 pattern = r"[\/\\\:\*\?\"\<\>\|]"
 new_title = re.sub(pattern, "_", title) # 替换为下划线
 return new_title



 def save(self,h2, author, detail):
 with open(f'{h2}.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
 f.write('%s%s%s%s%s'%(h2,'\n',detail,'\n',author))

 print(f"保存{h2}.txt文本成功！")


 def get_tasks(self):
 data_list = self.parse_home_list(self.url)
 for item in data_list:
 yield item




if __name__=="__main__":
 url="https://yz.chsi.com.cn/kyzx/jyxd/"
 spider=Spider(url)
 for data in spider.get_tasks():
 print(data)