①python的数据类型包含：数字、字符串、列表、元组、字典、集合这六种基本数据类型。不同数据类型的数据可以进行类型的转换。

使用input让用户输入的数据默认为字符串类型；

1 name = input("name:")
2 age = input("age:")
3 print(type(name))
4 print(type(age), type(int(age)))
5 
6 >>>name:xiaoming
7 >>>age:20
8 <class 'str'>
9 <class 'str'> <class 'int'>

②格式化输出主要使用以下三种方式：

1 name = input("name:")
2 age = int(input("age:"))
3 job = input("job:")
4 salary = input("salary:")

方式一、
1 info = '''
2 -------- info of  %s  -----            #%s，%d 为占位符
3 Name:%s
4 Age:%d
5 Job:%s
6 Salary:%s
7 ''' % (name,name,age,job,salary)
8 print(info)

>>>name:xiaoming
>>>age:20
>>>job:python developer
>>>salary:10000
-------- info of xiaoming -----
Name:xiaoming
Age:20
Job:python developer
Salary:10000

 方式二、
 1 info2 = '''
 2 -------- info of {_name}  -----
 3 Name:{_name}
 4 Age:{_age}
 5 Job:{_job}
 6 Salary:{_salary}
 7 '''.format(_name=name,
 8            _age=age,
 9            _job=job,
10            _salary=salary)

>>>name:xiaoming
>>>age:20
>>>job:python developer
>>>salary:10000
-------- info of xiaoming -----
Name:xiaoming
Age:20
Job:python developer
Salary:10000

方式三、
1 info3 =  '''
2 -------- info of {0} -----
3 Name:{0}
4 Age:{1}
5 Job:{2}
6 Salary:{3}
7 '''.format(name,age,job,salary)

>>>name:xiaoming
>>>age:20
>>>job:python developer
>>>salary:10000
-------- info of xiaoming -----
Name:xiaoming
Age:20
Job:python developer
Salary:10000