如果idea连接数据库失败存在时区问题 , 在url路径后面拼接一个参数?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
初识jdbc
package com.starcpdk;
import java.sql.*;
public class Jdbc {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
// 1. 加载驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
// 2. 用户信息和url
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?userUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=true";
String username = "root";
String password = "root";
// 3. 连接成功 , 数据库对象
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
// 4. 执行sql的对象
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
// 5. 执行sql对象 去执行sql , 可能存在结果 , 查看返回的结果
String sql = "select * from user";
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
while (resultSet.next()){
System.out.println(resultSet.getString("name"));
}
// 6. 释放连接
resultSet.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
JDBC工具类简单封装
package com.starcpdk.utils;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;
public class JDBCUtils {
private static String driver = null;
private static String url = null;
private static String password = null;
private static String username = null;
static {
try {
InputStream is = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(is);
driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
url = properties.getProperty("url");
username = properties.getProperty("username");
password = properties.getProperty("password");
// 1. 加载驱动 只加载一次
Class.forName(driver);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 2. 获取连接
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url , username , password);
}
// 3.释放连接资源
public static void release(Connection connection , Statement statement , ResultSet resultSet){
if (resultSet != null){
try {
resultSet.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (statement != null){
try {
statement.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (connection != null){
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
使用
package com.starcpdk;
import com.starcpdk.utils.JDBCUtils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class InsertTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = null;
Statement statement = null;
try {
connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
statement = connection.createStatement();
String sql = "insert into user(id , name , password)values(6 , 'zs' , '123456')";
int i = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
if (i > 0){
System.out.println("插入成功");
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.release(connection , statement , null);
}
}
}
sql注入 传入不合法的字符串 ,导致sql被拼接 , 导致数据库数据的泄露 , 因此不安全
防止sql注入的方式
package com.starcpdk;
import com.starcpdk.utils.JDBCUtils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class PreparedQuery {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
ResultSet resultSet = null;
try {
connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "select * from user where id = ?";
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setInt(1 , 3);
resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
while (resultSet.next()){
System.out.println(resultSet.getString("name"));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.release(connection , preparedStatement , resultSet);
}
}
}
事务ACID原则
原子性:要么全部完成 , 要么都不完成
一致性:总数不变
隔离性:多个进程互不干扰
持久性:一单提交 , 不可逆 , 持久化到数据库
隔离性问题:
脏读:一个事务读取了另一个没有提交的事务
不可重复读:在同一个事务内 , 重复读取表中的数据 , 表数据发生了改变
幻读(虚读):在一个事务内 , 读取到了别人插入的数据 , 导致前后读出来的结果不一致
package com.starcpdk;
import com.starcpdk.utils.JDBCUtils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class testTransaction {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement statement = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
// 关闭数据库的自动提交功能 , 自动开启事务
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
// 写sql
String sql1 = "update account set money = money-100 where name = 'A'";
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql1);
statement.executeUpdate();
String sql2 = "update account set money = money+100 where name = 'B'";
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql2);
statement.executeUpdate();
// 业务完毕 , 提交事务
connection.commit();
System.out.println("操作成功");
} catch (SQLException e) {
try {
connection.rollback(); // 如果失败则 , 回滚事务
} catch (SQLException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.release(connection , statement , rs);
}
}
}
数据库连接池
数据库连接 — 执行完毕 — 释放资源
这个过程是非常浪费时间的
池化技术:预先准备一些资源 , 过来连接预先准备好的
DBCP工具类封装
package com.starcpdk.utils;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;
public class DBCPUtils {
private static DataSource dataSource = null;
static {
try {
InputStream is = com.starcpdk.utils.JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("dbcpconfig.properties");
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(is);
// 创建数据源 工厂模式 -- 创建对象
dataSource = BasicDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 2. 获取连接
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return dataSource.getConnection();
}
// 3.释放连接资源
public static void release(Connection connection, Statement statement, ResultSet resultSet) {
if (resultSet != null) {
try {
resultSet.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (statement != null) {
try {
statement.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (connection != null) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
dbcpconfig.properties配置文件内容
# 连接设置
driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=true&?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
username = root
password = root
# 初始化连接
initialSize = 20
#最大连接数
maxActive=50
# 最大空闲连接数
maxIdle=20
# 最小空闲连接数
minIdle=5
# 超时等待时间 , 以毫秒数为单位 ,
maxWait=60000
#JDBC驱动建立连接时附带的连接属性属性的格式必须为这样:[属性名=property;]
#注意:“user” 与 “password” 两个属性会被明确地传递,因此这里不需要包含他们。
connectionProperties=useUnicode=true;characterEncoding=utf8
#指定由连接池所创建的连接的自动提交(auto-commit)状态。
defaultAutoCommit=true
#driver default 指定由连接池所创建的连接的事务级别(TransactionIsolation)。
#可用值为下列之一:(详情可见javadoc。)NONE,READ_UNCOMMITTED, READ_COMMITTED, REPEATABLE_READ, SERIALIZABLE
defaultTransactionIsolation=READ_UNCOMMITTED
C3P0
package com.starcpdk.utils;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;
public class C3P0Utils {
private static ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = null;
static {
try {
// 创建数据源
dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource("MYSQL"); // 配置文件写法
// 代码实现方式
// dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
// dataSource.setDriverClass();
// dataSource.setUser();
// dataSource.setPassword();
// dataSource.setJdbcUrl();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 2. 获取连接
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return dataSource.getConnection();
}
// 3.释放连接资源
public static void release(Connection connection, Statement statement, ResultSet resultSet) {
if (resultSet != null) {
try {
resultSet.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (statement != null) {
try {
statement.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (connection != null) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
c3p0-config.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<c3p0-config>
<default-config>
<!-- 如果要研究某个xml中可以设置哪些属性。找相关类的 属性 或者setXxx()-->
<property name="user">root</property>
<property name="password">root</property>
<property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?serverTimezone=UTC</property>
<property name="checkoutTimeout">30000</property>
</default-config>
<named-config name="MYSQL">
<property name="user">root</property>
<property name="password">root</property>
<property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?serverTimezone=UTC</property>
<property name="checkoutTimeout">20000</property>
<property name="initialPoolSize">10</property>
<property name="maxIdleTime">30</property>
<property name="maxPoolSize">100</property>
<property name="minPoolSize">10</property>
</named-config>
</c3p0-config>