【第一部分】历史文章:
SpringBoot总结(一)——第一个SpringBoot项目
SpringBoot总结(二)——Spring Boot的自动配置
SpringBoot总结(三)——SpringBoot的配置文件
SpringBoot总结(四)——@Value和@ConfigurationProperties的区别
SpringBoot总结(五)——@PropertySource注解与@ImportResource注解
SpringBoot总结(六)——SpringBoot配置文件占位符
SpringBoot总结(七)——Profile的使用
SpringBoot总结(八)——配置文件的加载位置
SpringBoot总结(九)——@Conditional注解与自动配置报告
SpringBoot总结(十)——SpringBoot+Mybatis实现数据库的CRUD(从创建到实现【超详细附代码】)
SpringBoot总结(十一)——SpringBoot的静态资源映射规则
SpringBoot总结(十二)——登录界面的实现
SpringBoot总结(十三)——修改嵌入式Servlet容器配置
SpringBoot总结(十四)——SpringBoot整合JDBCTemplate及Druid连接池
接口架构风格(RESTful)
文章目录
- 接口架构风格(RESTful)
- 前言
- 一、什么是REST
- 二、HTTP动作与CRUD动作映射
- 三、基于RESTful风格的CRUD例子
-
- 3.1、主要代码
- 3.2、测试数据
- 四、为手机APP、PC、H5网页提供统一风格的API
-
- 4.1、实现响应的枚举类
- 4.2、实现返回的对象实体
- 4.3、封装返回结果
- 4.4、统一处理异常
- 4.5、自定义异常
- 4.6、进行测试
- 总结
前言
本篇文章主要介绍了RESTful的一些知识点,以及基于RESTful风格的CRUD的例子,和基于SpringBoot为手机APP、PC、构建统一风格的Restful API。
一、什么是REST
REST
是软件架构的规范体系结构,它将资源的状态以适合客户端的形式从服务器端发送到客户端(或者相反的方向)。在REST中,通过URL进行资源定位,用HTTP动作(GET、POST、DELETE、PUT等)描述操作完成功能。
遵循RESTful风格,可以使得开发的接口通用,以便调用者理解接口的作用。因此,基于REST构建的API就是RESTful(REST风格)API。
各大机构提供的API基本都是RESTful风格的。这样可以统一规范,减少沟通,学习和开发的成本。
二、HTTP动作与CRUD动作映射
RESTful风格使用同一个URL,通过约定不同的HTTP方法来实施不同的业务。
下面是普通网页的CRUD和RESTful风格的CRUD的区别:
动作 | 普通CRUD的URL | 普通CRUD的HTTP方法 | ReSTful的URL | RESTful的CRUD的HTTP方法 |
---|---|---|---|---|
查询 | Article/id=1 | GET | Article/{id} | GET |
添加 | Article?title=xxx&body=xxx | GET/POST | Article | POST |
修改 | Article/update?id=xxx | GET | Article/{id} | PUT或者PATCH |
删除 | Article/delete?id=xxx | GET | Article/{id} | DELETE |
三、基于RESTful风格的CRUD例子
3.1、主要代码
下面是基于RESTful风格的CRUD的例子,并且定义了统一的数据返回格式。
操作数据库的方式采用了SpringBoot
与SpringDataJPA
整合的方式;具体这里将不再详细介绍,下面附上一些主要的代码。
ArticleController.java
package com.example.controller;
import com.example.entity.Article;
import com.example.repository.ArticleRepository;
import com.example.result.ExceptionMsg;
import com.example.result.Response;
import com.example.result.ResponseData;
import io.github.yedaxia.apidocs.ApiDoc;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@RequestMapping("/article")
@RestController
public class ArticleController {
protected Response result(ExceptionMsg msg){
return new Response(msg);
}
protected Response result(){
return new Response();
}
@Autowired
private ArticleRepository articleRepository;
@RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseData getArticleList() {
List<Article> list = new ArrayList<Article>(articleRepository.findAll());
return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS,list);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public ResponseData add(@RequestBody Article article) {
articleRepository.save(article);
return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS,article);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public Response delete(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
articleRepository.deleteById(id);
return result(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public ResponseData update(@RequestBody Article model) {
articleRepository.save(model);
return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS,model);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseData findArticle(@PathVariable("id") int id) throws IOException {
Article article = articleRepository.findById(id);
if (article != null) {
return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS,article);
}
return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.FAILED,article);
}
}
3.2、测试数据
启动项目,进行如下的测试。
- 查询所有数据。用GET方法访问:http://127.0.0.1:8081/article/返回的结果如下:
- 查询指定的数据。用GET方法访问:http://127.0.0.1:8081/article/1返回的结果如下:
- 添加数据。用POST方法访问:http://127.0.0.1:8081/article/返回的结果如下:
- 删除数据。用DELETE方法访问:http://127.0.0.1:8081/article/15返回的结果如下:则代表删除成功。
四、为手机APP、PC、H5网页提供统一风格的API
4.1、实现响应的枚举类
package com.example.result;
//实现响应的枚举类
public enum ExceptionMsg {
SUCCESS("200", "操作成功"),
FAILED("999999","操作失败"),
ParamError("000001", "参数错误!"),
FileEmpty("000400","上传文件为空"),
LimitPictureSize("000401","图片大小必须小于2M"),
LimitPictureType("000402","图片格式必须为'jpg'、'png'、'jpge'、'gif'、'bmp'")
;
private ExceptionMsg(String code, String msg) {
this.code = code;
this.msg = msg;
}
private String code;
private String msg;
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
}
4.2、实现返回的对象实体
package com.example.result;
public class Response {
private String rspCode="000000";
private String rspMsg="操作成功";
public Response() {
}
public Response(ExceptionMsg msg){
this.rspCode=msg.getCode();
this.rspMsg=msg.getMsg();
}
public Response(String rspCode) {
this.rspCode = rspCode;
this.rspMsg = "";
}
public Response(String rspCode, String rspMsg) {
this.rspCode = rspCode;
this.rspMsg = rspMsg;
}
public String getRspCode() {
return rspCode;
}
public void setRspCode(String rspCode) {
this.rspCode = rspCode;
}
public String getRspMsg() {
return rspMsg;
}
public void setRspMsg(String rspMsg) {
this.rspMsg = rspMsg;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Response{" +
"rspCode='" + rspCode + '\'' +
", rspMsg='" + rspMsg + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
4.3、封装返回结果
package com.example.result;
import com.example.exception.BusinessException;
public class ResponseData extends Response {
private Object data;
public ResponseData() {
}
public ResponseData(Object data) {
this.data = data;
}
public ResponseData(ExceptionMsg msg) {
super(msg);
}
public ResponseData(String rspCode, String rspMsg) {
super(rspCode, rspMsg);
}
public ResponseData(String rspCode, String rspMsg, Object data) {
super(rspCode, rspMsg);
this.data = data;
}
public ResponseData(ExceptionMsg msg, Object data) {
super(msg);
this.data = data;
}
public Object getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(Object data) {
this.data = data;
}
public static ResponseData defineBusinessException(BusinessException de) {
ResponseData responseData = new ResponseData();
responseData.setRspCode(de.getCode());
responseData.setRspMsg(de.getMsg());
responseData.setData(null);
return responseData;
}
}
4.4、统一处理异常
package com.example.exception;
import com.example.result.ResponseData;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
@ExceptionHandler(value = BusinessException.class)
@ResponseBody
public ResponseData bizBusinessException(BusinessException e) {
return ResponseData.defineBusinessException(e);
}
@ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)
@ResponseBody
public ResponseData exceptionHandler(Exception e) {
return new ResponseData(e);
}
}
4.5、自定义异常
package com.example.exception;
public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException{
private String code;
private String msg;
public BusinessException(String code, String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
this.code = code;
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(String code) {
this.code = code;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
}
4.6、进行测试
package com.example.controller;
import com.example.exception.BusinessException;
import com.example.exception.UserNameNotMatchPasswordException;
import com.example.result.ResponseData;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {
@RequestMapping("/BusinessException")
public ResponseData DeException() {
throw new BusinessException("40000000", "出错了!");
}
@RequestMapping("/getException")
public ResponseData Exception() {
ResponseData responseData = new ResponseData();
responseData.setRspCode("400");
responseData.setRspMsg("出错");
return responseData;
}
}
总结
以上就是本篇所介绍的内容,以一个简单的例子,来演示了基于RESTful风格的CRUD操作,以及构造统一风格的RESTful API。希望通过这个例子能给予大家帮助。关于本项目代码获取方式:关注+私信并回复:【RESTful项目】即可获取哦