LVS+Keepalived 高可用群集(理论+实战部署)

   日期:2020-09-24     浏览:95    评论:0    
核心提示:文章目录前言一、Keepalived 双机热备基础1.1、Keepalived 概述及安装1.1.1、Keepalived 的热备方式1.1.2、Keepalived 的安装与服务控制1.2、使用Keepalived 实现双机热备1.2.1、主服务器的配置1.2.2、备用服务器的配置1.2.3、测试双机热备功能二、LVS+Keepalived 高可用群集 实战部署2.1、实验环境2.2、配置主调度器2.2.1、调整/proc 响应参数2.2.2、调整keepalived 参数2.3、配置从调度器2.3.1

文章目录

  • 前言
    • 一、Keepalived 双机热备基础
      • 1.1、Keepalived 概述及安装
        • 1.1.1、Keepalived 的热备方式
        • 1.1.2、Keepalived 的安装与服务控制
      • 1.2、使用Keepalived 实现双机热备
        • 1.2.1、主服务器的配置
        • 1.2.2、备用服务器的配置
        • 1.2.3、测试双机热备功能
    • 二、LVS+Keepalived 高可用群集 实战部署
      • 2.1、实验环境
      • 2.2、配置主调度器
        • 2.2.1、调整/proc 响应参数
        • 2.2.2、调整keepalived 参数
      • 2.3、配置从调度器
        • 2.3.1、调整/proc 响应参数
        • 2.3.2、调整keepalived 参数
      • 2.4、配置存储服务器
      • 2.5、配置节点服务器
        • 2.5.1、配置虚拟IP地址(VIP)
        • 2.5.2、调整/proc响应参数
        • 2.5.3、安装httpd 挂载测试页
      • 2.6、实验验证
        • 2.6.1、测试主调度器
        • 2.6.2、测试从调度器

前言

在这个高度信息化的IT时代,企业的生产系统、业务运营、销售和支持,以及日常管理等环节越来越依赖于计算机信息和服务,使得对高可用(HA)技术的应用需求大量上升,以便提供持续的、不间断的计算机系统或网络服务。
使用Keepalived实现双机热备,包括针对IP地址的故障切换,以及在LVS高可用群集中的热备应用。

一、Keepalived 双机热备基础

1.1、Keepalived 概述及安装

1.1.1、Keepalived 的热备方式

Keepalived采用VRRP热备份协议实现Linux服务器的多机热备功能

VRRP,虚拟路由冗余协议,是针对路由器的一种备份解决方案

由多台路由器组成一个热备组,通过共用的虚拟IP地址对外提供服务

每个热备组内同一时刻只有一台主路由器提供服务,其他路由器处于冗余状态

若当前在线的路由器失效,则其他路由器会根据设置的优先级自动接替虚拟IP地址,继续提供服务

1.1.2、Keepalived 的安装与服务控制

在LVS群集环境中应用时,也需用到 lipvsadm管理工具
YUM安装 Keepalived
启用 Keepalived服务

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install keepalived ipvsadm

1.2、使用Keepalived 实现双机热备

Keepalived可实现多机热备,每个热备组可有多台服务器,最常用的就是双机热备

双机热备的故障切换是由虚拟IP地址的漂移来实现,适用于各种应用服务器

本次部署将实现基于web服务的双机热备

1.2.1、主服务器的配置

Keepalievd配置目录位于/etc/keepalievd/
keepalievd.conf是主配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@localhost keepalived]# cp keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.bak
[root@localhost keepalived]# vi keepalived.conf
global_defs{ }区段指定全局参数
vrrp_instance实例名称{ }区段指定VRRP热备参数
注释文字以“!”符号开头
目录samples/,提供了许多配置样例作为参考
常用配置选项
router_id HA_TEST_R1: 本路由器(服务器)的名称
vrrp_instance VI_1:定义VRRP热备实例
state MASTER:热备状态,MASTER表示主服务器
interface ens33:承载VIP地址的物理接口
virtual_router_id 1:虚拟路由器的ID号,每个热备组保持一致
priority 100:优先级,数值越大优先级越高
advert_int 1:通告间隔秒数(心跳频率)
auth_type PASS:认证类型
auth_pass 123456:密码字串
virtual_ipaddress{ vip}:指定漂移地址(VIP),可以有多个,多个漂移地址以逗号分隔

确认配置没有问题,启动Keepalived服务,通过ip命令可以查看

[root@localhost keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived ####启动keepalived
[root@localhost keepalived]# ip addr show dev ens33 ####查看主控制IP地址和漂移地址

1.2.2、备用服务器的配置

Keepalived备份服务器的配置与master的配置有三个选项不同
router_id:设为自由名称
state:设为BACKUP
priority:值低于主服务器
其他选项与master相同

1.2.3、测试双机热备功能

测试双机热备的效果
主、备机均启用Web服务,内容相同
先后禁用、启用主服务器的网卡,执行以下测试

测试1:使用ping检测19216810.72的连通性
测试2:访问htt:/192168.10.72,确认可用性及内容变化
测试3:查看日志文件/var/log/messages中的变化

二、LVS+Keepalived 高可用群集 实战部署

2.1、实验环境

VMware 5台服务器
IP地址规划:
漂移地址(VIP):192.168.100.100
主调度器:192.168.100.21
辅调度器:192.168.100.20
WEB服务器1:192.168.100.22
WEB服务器2:192.168.100.23
存储服务器:192.168.100.24

2.2、配置主调度器

2.2.1、调整/proc 响应参数

[

root@localhost network-scripts]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0 

2.2.2、调整keepalived 参数

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install keepalived ipvsadm
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@localhost keepalived]# cp keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.bak
[root@localhost keepalived]# vi keepalived.conf
global_defs { 
   router_id HA_TEST_R1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
   state MASTER
   interface ens33
   virtual_router_id 1
   priority 100
   advert_int 1
   authentication { 
      auth_type PASS
      auth_pass 123456
   }
   virtual_ipaddress { 
      192.168.100.100
   }
}

virtual_server 192.168.100.100 80 { 
    delay_loop 15
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence 60
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.100.22 80 { 
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK { 
	    connect_port 80
	    connect_timeout 3
	    nb_get_retry 3
	    delay_before_retry 4
	}
    }
    real_server 192.168.100.23 80 { 
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK { 
	    connect_port 80
	    connect_timeout 3
	    nb_get_retry 3
	    delay_before_retry 4
	}
    }
}
[root@localhost keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@localhost keepalived]# ip addr show dev ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:11:0d:16 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.100.21/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.100.100/32 brd 192.168.100.100 scope global noprefixroute ens33:0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::3069:1a3d:774b:18f/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2.3、配置从调度器

2.3.1、调整/proc 响应参数

[root@localhost network-scripts]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# sysctl -p 
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0

2.3.2、调整keepalived 参数

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install keepalived ipvsadm
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@localhost keepalived]# cp keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.bak
[root@localhost keepalived]# vi keepalived.conf
global_defs { 
   router_id HA_TEST_R2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
   state BACKUP
   interface ens33
   virtual_router_id 1
   priority 99
   advert_int 1
   authentication { 
      auth_type PASS
      auth_pass 123456
   }
   virtual_ipaddress { 
      192.168.100.100
   }
}

virtual_server 192.168.100.100 80 { 
    delay_loop 15
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence 60
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.100.22 80 { 
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK { 
	    connect_port 80
	    connect_timeout 3
	    nb_get_retry 3
	    delay_before_retry 4
	}
    }
    real_server 192.168.100.23 80 { 
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK { 
	    connect_port 80
	    connect_timeout 3
	    nb_get_retry 3
	    delay_before_retry 4
	}
    }
}
[root@localhost keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@localhost keepalived]# ip addr show dev ens33 
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:48:b8:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.100.20/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::e438:b533:985e:cf94/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2.4、配置存储服务器

首先查看nfs-utils 和rpcbind 是否安装,若没有用yum安装即可
安装好后启动两个服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nfs
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rpcbind
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/51xit /opt/52xit
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/exports
/opt/51xit 192.168.100.0/24(rw,sync)
/opt/52xit 192.168.100.0/24(rw,sync)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart rpcbind
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nfs
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable nfs
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable rpcbind
[root@localhost ~]# echo "this is www.51xit.top" > /opt/51xit/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# echo "this is www.52xit.top" > /opt/52xit/index.html

2.5、配置节点服务器

2.5.1、配置虚拟IP地址(VIP)

防火墙和核心防护均关闭,查看是否安装nfs-utils

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-lo ifcfg-lo:0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-lo:0
DEVICE=lo:0
IPADDR=192.168.100.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.255
ONBOOT=yes

[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifup lo:0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig
        省略部分内容
lo:0: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 192.168.100.100  netmask 255.255.255.255
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        省略部分内容
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vi /etc/rc.local 
/sbin/route add -host 192.168.100.100 dev lo:0

[root@localhost network-scripts]# route add -host 192.168.100.100 dev lo:0

2.5.2、调整/proc响应参数

[root@localhost network-scripts]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2

[root@localhost network-scripts]# sysctl -p

前面配置两台节点服务器都一样

2.5.3、安装httpd 挂载测试页

下面分别挂载两台节点服务器

[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.100.24
Export list for 192.168.100.24:
/opt/52xit 192.168.100.0/24
/opt/51xit 192.168.100.0/24
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@localhost ~]# mount 192.168.100.24:/opt/51xit /var/www/html/
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Aug 6 12:23:03 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=a1c935eb-f211-43a5-be35-2a9fef1f6a89 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/cdrom /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0
192.168.100.24:/opt/51xit/ /var/www/html/ nfs defaults,_netdev 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd

测试登录是否正常

[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.100.24
Export list for 192.168.100.24:
/opt/52xit 192.168.100.0/24
/opt/51xit 192.168.100.0/24
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@localhost ~]# mount 192.168.100.24:/opt/52xit /var/www/html/
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Aug 6 12:23:03 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=a1c935eb-f211-43a5-be35-2a9fef1f6a89 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/cdrom /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0
192.168.100.24:/opt/52xit/ /var/www/html/ nfs defaults,_netdev 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd

测试登录是否正常

2.6、实验验证

2.6.1、测试主调度器

打开抓包工具,会发现192.168.100.21主调度器,一直在发VRRP报文

真机浏览器输入192.168.100.100

等一分钟刷新或者重新输入

主调度器正常!!!

2.6.2、测试从调度器

停止主服务器的keepadlive

[root@localhost keepalived]# systemctl stop keepalived

打开抓包工具,会发现192.168.100.20从调度器,一直在发VRRP报文

真机浏览器输入192.168.100.100

等一分钟刷新或者重新输入

从调度器正常!!

 
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