前言:
前段时间在阅读csdn的头条文章 “追上台积电,中芯国际还有多久的路要走?”时,无意当中了解到芯片的行业模式。当时突发奇想,想做一个详细的整理。笔者用了大概两个星期的零碎时间,终于整理完并且核查完毕。毕竟信息量较大,难免会出现意料之外的错误。如果有,烦请读者大佬们评论斧正,比心!
一、芯片行业模式,代表巨头及其特点
感悟:各种眼花缭乱、不明觉厉的第一,不愧是巨头!
二、巨头代表相关细节(总部地点,创办时间,员工数,口号等)
注意:员工人数每年可能都会更新,表中填写的不一定准确
感悟:还是Intel的口号最骚气!
三、巨头代表们的代表产品/技术举例
巨头代表 | 代表产品/技术 | 链接 |
英特尔 (Intel) | 4004CPU(1971,全球第一个微处理器);奔腾® (Pentium Pro, II, Xeon, Celeron, III, III Xeon, 4; 酷睿 TM,酷睿H系列,酷睿M芯片等 |
英特尔_链接 |
德州仪器 (TI) | TI-30系列计算器,图形计算器TI-83Plus和TI nspire系列;ARM9,ARM11和Cortex-A8,A9 | 德州仪器_链接 |
三星电子(Samsung Electronics) |
1.Samsung Galaxy 系列:S4 Active/Tab S2/Gear/Note/Nexus/Alpha/Note 2/S3/S6; Samsung Note 5 (2016: 欢迎程度从低到高) 2.Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra/S20/S20 Ultra/A51/Fold/S10 Lite/Z Flip/S10e Unlocked Smartphone |
1.三星电子_链接1 2.三星电子_链接2 |
海思 (Hisilicon) | 1.麒麟系列: 7nm: 麒麟990 5G,990, 985, 980, 820, 810; 10nm: 970; 12nm: 710; 16nm: 960/955/950/659/650 28nm: 935/930/928/925/920/910T/910/620
2.专业超高清移动相机SoC: ● High-end Industry IP Camera Soc. Hi3559AV100 ● Advanced Industry IP Camera Soc. Hi3519V101 ● Mainstream Industry IP Camera Soc. Hi3516AV200 ● Mainstream Industry IP Camera Soc. Hi3516AV100 ● Advanced Full-HD IP Camera Soc. Hi3516DV100 |
1.海思_链接1 2.海思_链接2 |
联发科 (MediaTek) | 高清数字电视、DVD与光驱等产品; Dimensity Series, and Helio X, P, G, A series smartphone products |
*联发科_链接 |
超微 (AMD) | ● The best entry-level AMD processor: Ryzen 3 3200G. ● The best midrange AMD processor: Ryzen 5 3600. ● The best high-end AMD processor: Ryzen 7 3700X. ● The most powerful AMD processor: Ryzen 9 3950X. |
超微_链接 |
赛灵思 (Xilinx) | FPGA 相关产品: ● Spartan®-6 FPGAs for I/O optimization ● Spartan-7 FPGAs for I/O optimization with the highest performance-per-watt ● Artix®-7 FPGAs for transceiver optimization and highest DSP bandwidth ● Zynq®-7000 programmable SoCs for system optimization with scalable processor integration |
赛灵思_链接 |
高通 (Qualcomm) | ● aptX™, cVc, 802.11ax.; ● 802.11ad, 802.11ac; ● Qualcomm® Bluetooth mesh, ● Qualcomm® IoT Connectivity, ● Qualcomm® Wi-Fi SON |
高通_链接 |
博通 (Broadcomm) | 为计算和网络设备、数字娱乐和宽带接入产品: 数据中心交换机和路由器、机顶盒/CMT、电缆调制解调器和PON/DSL、以太网NIC、滤波器和放大器、ASIC、无线连接解决方案、嵌入式处理器、机械/固态硬盘控制器 |
博通_链接 |
英伟达 (NVIDIA) | GPU, CPU, Chipset (芯片组), Drivers (驱动程序):
GeForce绘图处理器: Nvidia GeForce (精视) (GeForce = Geometry-Force), 面向消费者图形处理产品 Quadro: 计算机辅助设计和数字内容创建工作站图形处理产品 NVS: 多显示业务图形解决方案 Tegra: 用于移动设备的片上系统系列 特斯拉: 专门用于专业和科学领域的高端图像生成应用的通用GPU Nvidia为Intel(赛扬、奔腾和酷睿2)和AMD(Athlon和Duron)微处理器开发的主板芯片组 |
*英伟达_链接 |
中芯国际 (SMIC) | 1. 14纳米FinFET 量产; 2. 24纳米NAND、40纳米高性能图像传感器等特色工艺 3. 12英寸CIS晶圆生产线 |
1.中芯国际_链接1 2.中芯国际_链接2 |
联华电子 (UMC) | 1.通过生产验证的65纳米制程技术、45/40纳米制程技术、混合信号/RFCMOS技术; 生产世界级的8英寸/12英寸晶圆; 2.高压、射频、混合信号、逻辑、CMOS影像感测与嵌入式非挥发性内存制程 |
1.联华电子_链接1 |
台积电 (TSMC) | 1.第五代FinFET技术:在7纳米基础上提供一个完整的工艺节点,并使用EUV极紫外光刻技术扩展到10多个光刻层,与7纳米相比减少了生产总步骤。
2.MEMS、CMOS图像传感器、嵌入式NVM、RF、模拟、高压和BCD功率处理 |
1.台积电_链接1 2.台积电_链接2 (英文原文链接) 3.台积电_链接3 |
格芯/格罗方德 (GlobalFoundries) |
1.12LP 12nm场效应晶体管技术 2.22FDX (采用22nm全耗尽绝缘体硅(FD-SOI)技术) 3.使用数字CMOS的射频电路 4.硅光子学 |
1.格芯_链接1 2.格芯_链接2 3.格芯_链接3 4.格芯_链接4 |
备注:巨头名称超链接到其对应官网;“链接”一栏中的*表示链接为wikipedia
四、专业术语解释 (后续会不断补充)
1.制程:假设指甲厚度为0.1mm,若将其平均切成10万条线(等分),每条“线”就是1nm。以14纳米为例,其制程是指在芯片中,这个“线”最小可以做到14纳米的尺寸。(参考文献19)
五、参考文献(IEEE格式)
1.微信公众平台. 2020. 追上台积电,中芯国际还有多久的路要走?. [online] Available at: <https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/OC7JQGpU_bNV1LGmn3rn3A> [Accessed 2 August 2020].
2.半导体芯片行业的运作模式是什么 (IDM/Fabless/Foundry模式). [online] Available at:
<http://m.elecfans.com/article/687845.html> [Accessed 2 August 2020].
3.Hensiek, S., 2016. The Top 10 Samsung Galaxy Products Of All-Time - Money Inc. [online] Money Inc. Available at: <https://moneyinc.com/top-10-samsung-galaxy-products-time/> [Accessed 2 August 2020].
4.VAZHAROV, S., 2020. Samsung’S Latest Galaxy Note20 Phones Prove That It’S Time To Upgrade. [online] Best Products. Available at: <https://www.bestproducts.com/tech/electronics/g158/best-samsung-phones-and-smartphones/> [Accessed 2 August 2020].
5.Hisilicon.com. n.d. Products | Hisilicon. [online] Available at: <http://www.hisilicon.com/en/Products> [Accessed 16 August 2020].
6.Martindale, J., 2020. The Best AMD Processors For 2020. [online] Digitaltrends.com. Available at: <https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/best-amd-processors/> [Accessed 16 August 2020].
7.Xilinx. 2020. Devices. [online] Available at: <https://www.xilinx.com/products/silicon-devices.html> [Accessed 16 August 2020].
8.Broadcom.cn. n.d. 所有产品. [online] Available at: <https://www.broadcom.cn/products> [Accessed 16 August 2020].
9.Smesun.com. 2020. 中芯国际做什么产品的?中芯国际公司业务范围简介. [online] Available at: <http://www.smesun.com/Browser/show.php?itemid=92689> [Accessed 16 August 2020].
10.Sohu.com. 2020. 台积电5nm,看这篇就够了!_芯片. [online] Available at: <https://www.sohu.com/a/367178164_505795> [Accessed 16 August 2020].
11.Cutress, I., 2019. Early TSMC 5Nm Test Chip Yields 80%, HVM Coming In H1 2020. [online] Anandtech.com. Available at: <https://www.anandtech.com/show/15219/early-tsmc-5nm-test-chip-yields-80-hvm-coming-in-h1-2020> [Accessed 16 August 2020].
12.Tsmc.com. n.d. Values And Business Philosophy - Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited. [online] Available at: <https://www.tsmc.com/english/aboutTSMC/values.htm> [Accessed 2 August 2020].
13.GLOBALFOUNDRIES. n.d. 12LP 12Nm Finfet Technology. [online] Available at: <https://www.globalfoundries.com/technology-solutions/cmos/performance/12lp> [Accessed 16 August 2020].
14.Zhu, L., 2020. Intel 入門處理器生產綫大變陣!傳委託 Globalfoundries 代工 - Ezone.Hk - 科技焦點 - 電腦. [online] ezone.hk 即時科技生活. Available at: <https://ezone.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2553867> [Accessed 2 August 2020].
15.Vermont Business Magazine. 2015. Globalfoundries Completes Acquisition Of IBM Microelectronics Business. [online] Available at: <https://vermontbiz.com/news/july/globalfoundries-completes-acquisition-ibm-microelectronics-business> [Accessed 2 August 2020].
16.Tsmc.com. n.d. Values And Business Philosophy - Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited. [online] Available at: <https://www.tsmc.com/english/aboutTSMC/values.htm> [Accessed 2 August 2020].
17.Ward, S., 2008. Broadcom's Hot Spot. [online] WSJ. Available at: <https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121884866947446281> [Accessed 2 August 2020].
18.FPGA CPU News. 2012. It’S An All Programmable Planet. [online] Available at: <http://fpga.org/2012/05/22/its-an-all-programmable-planet/> [Accessed 2 August 2020].
19.Blog.csdn.net. 2018. 介绍芯片时为什么都要介绍制程?制程到底是什么?14Nm、10Nm?_Lxm920714的专栏-CSDN博客_芯片制程. [online] Available at: <https://blog.csdn.net/lxm920714/article/details/80455455> [Accessed 16 August 2020].
修改记录:
版本号 | 日期 | 修改内容 |
v0.1 | 2020-08-17 | 第一版发布 |