前段时间,在公司熟悉新代码,发现好多都是新代码,全是 Java8语法,之前没有了解过,一直在专研技术的深度,却忘了最初的语法,所以,今天总结下Stream ,算是一份自己理解,不会很深入,就讲讲常用的
java8 也出来好久了,接口默认方法,lambda
表达式,函数式接口,Date API 等特性还是有必要去了解一下。比如在项目中经常用到集合,遍历集合可以试下 lambda 表达式,经常还要对集合进行过滤和排序,Stream 就派上用场了。用习惯了,不得不说真的很好用。
Stream 作为 java8 的新特性,基于 lambda 表达式,Java 8 中的 Stream 是对集合(Collection)对象功能的增强,它专注于对集合对象进行各种非常便利、高效的聚合操作(aggregate operation),或者大批量数据操作 (bulk data operation)。Stream API 借助于同样新出现的Lambda表达式,极大的提高编程效率和程序可读性。
Stream 的原理:将要处理的元素看做一种流,流在管道中传输,并且可以在管道的节点上处理,包括过滤筛选、去重、排序、聚合等。元素流在管道中经过中间操作的处理,最后由最终操作得到前面处理的结果。
集合有两种方式生成流:
-
stream() − 为集合创建串行流
-
parallelStream() - 为集合创建并行流
上图中是 Stream 类的类结构图,里面包含了大部分的中间和终止操作。 -
中间操作主要有以下方法(此类型方法返回的都是 Stream):map (mapToInt, flatMap 等)、
filter
、distinct
、sorted
、peek
、limit
、skip
、parallel
、sequential
、unordered
-
终止操作主要有以下方法:
forEach
、forEachOrdered
、toArray
、reduce
、collect
、min
、max
、count
、anyMatch
、allMatch
、noneMatch
、findFirst
、findAny
、iterator
为了让大家更好的理解 Stream,这里举个粒子,如果看的的不爽,你就使用lombok吧
首先为了说明 Stream 对对象集合的操作,新建一个 Student 类(学生类), 覆写了 equals() 和 hashCode() 方法
public class Student {
private Long id;
private String name;
private int age;
private String address;
public Student() {}
public Student(Long id, String name, int age, String address) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"id=" + id +
", + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
Student student = (Student) o;
return age == student.age &&
Objects.equals(id, student.id) &&
Objects.equals(name, student.name) &&
Objects.equals(address, student.address);
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(id, name, age, address);
}
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
filter(筛选)
public static void main(String [] args) {
Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
students.add(s4);
List<Student> streamStudents = testFilter(students);
streamStudents.forEach(System.out::println);
}
private static List<Student> testFilter(List<Student> students) {
//筛选年龄大于15岁的学生
// return students.stream().filter(s -> s.getAge()>15).collect(Collectors.toList());
//筛选住在浙江省的学生
return students.stream().filter(s ->"浙江".equals(s.getAddress())).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
运行结果:
这里我们创建了四个学生,经过 filter 的筛选,筛选出地址是浙江的学生集合。
map(转换)
public static void main(String [] args) {
Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
students.add(s4);
testMap(students);
}
private static void testMap(List<Student> students) {
//在地址前面加上部分信息,只获取地址输出
List<String> addresses = students.stream().map(s ->"住址:"+s.getAddress()).collect(Collectors.toList());
addresses.forEach(a ->System.out.println(a));
}
distinct(去重)
public static void main(String [] args) {
testDistinct1();
}
private static void testDistinct1() {
//简单字符串的去重
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("111","222","333","111","222");
list.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out::println);
}
运行结果:
public static void main(String [] args) {
testDistinct2();
}
private static void testDistinct2() {
//引用对象的去重,引用对象要实现hashCode和equal方法,否则去重无效
Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
Student s5 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
students.add(s4);
students.add(s5);
students.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out::println);
}
可以看出,两个重复的 “肖战” 同学进行了去重,这不仅因为使用了 distinct()方法,而且因为 Student 对象重写了 equals 和 hashCode()方法,否则去重是无效的。
sorted(排序)
public static void main(String [] args) {
testSort1();
}
private static void testSort1() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("333","222","111");
list.stream().sorted().forEach(System.out::println);
}
运行结果:
public static void main(String [] args) {
testSort2();
}
private static void testSort2() {
Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
students.add(s4);
students.stream()
.sorted((stu1,stu2) ->Long.compare(stu2.getId(), stu1.getId()))
.sorted((stu1,stu2) -> Integer.compare(stu2.getAge(),stu1.getAge()))
.forEach(System.out::println);
}
运行结果:
上面指定排序规则,先按照学生的 id 进行降序排序,再按照年龄进行降序排序
limit(限制返回个数)
public static void main(String [] args) {
testLimit();
}
private static void testLimit() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("333","222","111");
list.stream().limit(2).forEach(System.out::println);
}
运行结果:
skip(删除元素)
public static void main(String [] args) {
testSkip();
}
private static void testSkip() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("333","222","111");
list.stream().skip(2).forEach(System.out::println);
}
运行结果:
reduce(聚合)
public static void main(String [] args) {
testReduce();
}
private static void testReduce() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("欢","迎","你");
String appendStr = list.stream().reduce("北京",(a,b) -> a+b);
System.out.println(appendStr);
}
运行结果:
min(求最小值)
public static void main(String [] args) {
testMin();
}
private static void testMin() {
Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 14, "浙江");
Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
students.add(s4);
Student minS = students.stream().min((stu1,stu2) ->Integer.compare(stu1.getAge(),stu2.getAge())).get();
System.out.println(minS.toString());
}
运行结果:
上面是求所有学生中年龄最小的一个,max 同理,求最大值。
anyMatch/allMatch/noneMatch(匹配)
public static void main(String [] args) {
testMatch();
}
private static void testMatch() {
Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
students.add(s4);
Boolean anyMatch = students.stream().anyMatch(s ->"湖北".equals(s.getAddress()));
if (anyMatch) {
System.out.println("有湖北人");
}
Boolean allMatch = students.stream().allMatch(s -> s.getAge()>=15);
if (allMatch) {
System.out.println("所有学生都满15周岁");
}
Boolean noneMatch = students.stream().noneMatch(s -> "杨洋".equals(s.getName()));
if (noneMatch) {
System.out.println("没有叫杨洋的同学");
}
}
运行结果
-
anyMatch:Stream 中任意一个元素符合传入的 predicate,返回 true
-
allMatch:Stream 中全部元素符合传入的 predicate,返回 true
-
noneMatch:Stream 中没有一个元素符合传入的 predicate,返回 true
上面介绍了 Stream 常用的一些方法,虽然对集合的遍历和操作可以用以前常规的方式,但是当业务逻辑复杂的时候,你会发现代码量很多,可读性很差,明明一行代码解决的事情,你却写了好几行。试试 lambda 表达式,试试 Stream,你会有不一样的体验。只记录工作需要,其他更深入的东西要多敲、多练、多思考