Ubuntu18.04安装和使用Mysql数据库

   日期:2020-05-03     浏览:85    评论:0    
核心提示:参考:https://ywnz.com/linuxysjk/3314.html共8个命令即可完成安装数据库

1、共8个命令即可完成安装

参考

命令1

下载安装mysql的服务端:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

命令2

切换成root用户后执行下面的命令,否则可能权限不够,想换回普通用户只需ctrl+D

sudo su -    

命令3

下载安装mysql的客户端:

sudo apt-get install mysql-client

命令4

sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev

命令5

安装netstat

sudo apt install net-tools  

命令6

用netstat查看mysql是否安装成功

sudo netstat -tap | grep mysql  

结果如下:

root@dj:~# sudo netstat -tap | grep mysql
tcp        0      0 localhost:mysql         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      31100/mysqld 

命令7

查看mysql工作状态,如果没有成功,输入命令:sudo systemctl start mysql尝试

systemctl status mysql.service 

结果如下:

root@dj:~# systemctl status mysql.service
● mysql.service - MySQL Community Server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-05-01 15:06:16 CST; 2h 28min ago
 Main PID: 31100 (mysqld)
    Tasks: 27 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service
           └─31100 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

5月 01 15:06:15 dj systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server...
5月 01 15:06:16 dj systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server.

命令8

mysql -u root -p #进入数据库

其中 -u 表示选择登陆的用户名,-p 表示登陆的用户密码,输入密码后就可以登录到mysql中,第一次登录,密码为空,啥都不用输入,直接回车,就好了。

结果如下:

root@dj:~# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.29-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

2、找回root用户的登录密码

参考

Ubuntu在安装MySQL时会为用户创建一个debian-sys-maint用户我们可以通过这个用户来设置

2.1 查看debian-sys-maint密码

sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf

出现以下内容,注意里面包含密码:

dj@dj:~$ sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf
# Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH!
[client]
host     = localhost
user     = debian-sys-maint
password = WticbBDLIn7Irj3W
socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
[mysql_upgrade]
host     = localhost
user     = debian-sys-maint
password = WticbBDLIn7Irj3W
socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

2.2 登录debian-sys-maint用户

mysql -u debian-sys-maint -p

注意:此时密码为刚刚查到的密码

现在我们已经登录到MySQL了

2.3 设置root密码

use mysql;

update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('b307b307') where user='root' and Host ='localhost';

update user set plugin='mysql_native_password';

flush privileges;

quit;

然后重新登录:

mysql -u root -p #进入数据库

出现以下内容,表明成功登入:

dj@dj:~$ mysql -u root -p 
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.7.29-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

OK! 问题解决了

3、卸载Mysql并重新安装

三套组合拳打完Mysql才算卸载后安装成功。

第一套组合拳: 参考

sudo apt-get remove mysql-*
dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk '{print $2}' |sudo xargs dpkg -P
sudo apt purge mysql-server mysql-server-5.7

第二套组合拳: 参考

sudo rm /var/lib/mysql/ -R
sudo rm /etc/mysql/ -R
sudo apt-get autoremove mysql* --purge
sudo apt-get remove apparmor

第三套组合拳:重启+重新安装

reboot  
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-common

4、使用Python操作数据库

参考1,参考2,参考3

4.1 创建数据库和表

(1)查看已有数据库:

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(2)创建数据库:

mysql> create database pigdia; #pigdia是数据库名
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| pigdia             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(3)查看指定数据库中的表:

mysql> use pigdia;  #首先要选择数据库,会告诉你换好了Database changed
mysql> show tables;   #查看test库下面的表,此时为空表Empty set (0.00 sec)

(4)创建表:
table1:

mysql> CREATE TABLE table1(id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,date DATE,pigid VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL,diarrhea VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL,fromid VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL,pic1 VARCHAR(100),pic2 VARCHAR(100),PRIMARY KEY (id))ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

table2:

mysql> CREATE TABLE table2(id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,date DATE,pigid VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL,diarrhea VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL,count VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL,pic1 VARCHAR(100),pic2 VARCHAR(100),PRIMARY KEY (id))ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

此时查看表,显示pigdia数据库中有一个表了,名叫table1:

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_pigdia |
+------------------+
| table1           |
| table2           |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(5)查看表中的内容:

mysql> select * from table1;
mysql> select * from table2;

(6)查看表格中的段属性:

mysql> desc table1;  #此时为空表
mysql> desc table2;  #此时为空表
mysql> desc table1;
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| date     | date         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| pigid    | varchar(5)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| diarrhea | varchar(5)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| fromid   | varchar(5)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| pic1     | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| pic2     | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc table2;
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| date     | date         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| pigid    | varchar(5)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| diarrhea | varchar(5)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| count    | varchar(5)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| pic1     | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| pic2     | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.2 安装MySQL-python

要想使python可以操作mysql 就需要MySQL-python驱动,它是python 操作mysql必不可少的模块。

MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip 文件下载地址:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/MySQL-python/

下载MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip 文件之后直接右键解压。进入MySQL-python-1.2.5目录后,打开终端输入如下命令:

python2 setup.py build
sudo python2 setup.py install

测试一下看看MySQL-python是否安装成功,如果可以导入,说明成功了:

dj@dj:~$ python2
Python 2.7.17 (default, Apr 15 2020, 17:20:14) 
[GCC 7.5.0] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import MySQLdb
>>> 

4.3 连接数据库

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 导入工具包
import MySQLdb

# 打开数据库连接
db = MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='root',  password='123456',  port=3306, db='pigdia', charset='utf8' )

连接数据库pigdia使用的用户名为 root ,密码为b307b307,此处直接使用root用户名及其密码,Mysql数据库用户授权请使用Grant命令。

4.4 数据库增删改查操作

参考

(1)增:向数据库插入数据

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import MySQLdb
import datetime

#获取系统日期
today=datetime.date.today()   


# 打开数据库连接
db = MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='root',  passwd='b307b307',  port=3306, db='pigdia', charset='utf8' )

# 使用cursor()方法获取操作游标 
cursor = db.cursor()

# SQL 插入语句
sql1 = "INSERT INTO table1(date, pigid, diarrhea, fromid, pic1, pic2) \
       VALUES ('%s', '%c', '%c', '%d', '%s', '%s')" % \
       (today, '0', 'Y', 1, '','')
sql2 = "INSERT INTO table2(date, pigid, diarrhea, count, pic1, pic2) \
       VALUES ('%s', '%c', '%c', '%d', '%s', '%s')" % \
       (today, '0', 'Y', 0, '','')

try:
   # 执行sql1语句
   cursor.execute(sql1)
   # 执行sql2语句
   cursor.execute(sql2)
   # 提交到数据库执行
   db.commit()
except:
   # Rollback in case there is any error
   db.rollback()


# 关闭数据库连接
db.close()

去数据库里查询,发现确实有数据:

mysql> mysql -u root -p  # 进入mysql
mysql> use pigdia;  # 选择数据库
mysql> select * from table1;  #显示整表信息
+----+------------+-------+----------+--------+------+------+
| id | date       | pigid | diarrhea | fromid | pic1 | pic2 |
+----+------------+-------+----------+--------+------+------+
|  1 | 2020-05-02 | 0     | Y        | 1      |      |      |
+----+------------+-------+----------+--------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(2)删:从数据库删除符合条件的数据

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import MySQLdb
import datetime

#获取系统日期
today=datetime.date.today()   


# 打开数据库连接
db = MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='root',  passwd='b307b307',  port=3306, db='pigdia', charset='utf8' )

# 使用cursor()方法获取操作游标 
cursor = db.cursor()

# SQL 删除语句
sql1 = "DELETe FROM table1 WHERe fromid = %d" % (0)   #将table1中,fromid等于0的数据都删掉
try:
   # 执行SQL语句
   cursor.execute(sql1)
   # 提交修改
   db.commit()
except:
   # 发生错误时回滚
   db.rollback()

# 关闭数据库连接
db.close()

如果是要清空数据库:

# SQL 删除语句
sql1 = "DELETe FROM table1"  #删除全表 数据

如果是要删除表1:

DROp TABLE table1 ;

(3)改:修改数据库中符合条件的数据
将 EMPLOYEE 表中的 SEX 字段为 ‘M’ 的 AGE 字段递增 1:

sql = "UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET AGE = AGE + 1 WHERe SEX = '%c'" % ('M')

举一反三:
为了将表table2中的pigid字段为f的那条记录的count字段递增1:

sql = "UPDATE table2 SET count = count + 1 WHERe pigid = '%c'" % ('f')

(4)查:查询符合要求的数据
Python查询Mysql使用 fetchone() 方法获取单条数据, 使用fetchall() 方法获取多条数据。

  • fetchone(): 该方法获取下一个查询结果集。结果集是一个对象
  • fetchall():接收全部的返回结果行.
  • rowcount: 这是一个只读属性,并返回执行execute()方法后影响的行数。

实例:
查询EMPLOYEE表中salary(工资)字段大于1000的所有数据:

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import MySQLdb

# 打开数据库连接
db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost", "testuser", "test123", "TESTDB", charset='utf8' )

# 使用cursor()方法获取操作游标 
cursor = db.cursor()

# SQL 查询语句
sql = "SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE \
       WHERe INCOME > %s" % (1000)
try:
   # 执行SQL语句
   cursor.execute(sql)
   # 获取所有记录列表
   results = cursor.fetchall()
   for row in results:
      fname = row[0]
      lname = row[1]
      age = row[2]
      sex = row[3]
      income = row[4]
      # 打印结果
      print "fname=%s,lname=%s,age=%s,sex=%s,income=%s" % \
             (fname, lname, age, sex, income )
except:
   print "Error: unable to fecth data"

# 关闭数据库连接
db.close()

以上脚本执行结果如下:

fname=Mac, lname=Mohan, age=20, sex=M, income=2000
 
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